# Include “apue.h”
# include
int main (int argc, char * argv [])
{
DIR * dp ;
struct dirent * dirp;
if (argc! = 2)
err_quit (“usage: Is directory_name”);
if (( dp = opendir (argv [1])) == NULL)
err_sys (“can open% s”, argv [1]);
while ((dirp = readdir (dp))! = NULL)
printf (“% s \ n”, dirp-> d_name);
closedir (dp);
exit (0);
} < br /> at compile time using the command cc myls.c
/ tmp / ccePmLbz.o: In function `main
myls.c: (. text 0 x20): undefined reference to` err_quit lt;br /> myls.c: (text 0 x55): undefined to the reference to `err_sys
collect2: ld returned 1
this error, how is it, how should I modify?
October 25, 2011
Java programming learning Abstract (6) threads and Applet
key difficulty:
multi-threaded scheduling and controlled.
mutual exclusion and synchronization of multi-threaded.
one thread concept:
thread similar to process a single order in the section of code to complete a specific function, program flow control; but different process similar multiple threads sharing a memory space and system resources, the thread of the data itself is usually only the register data of the microprocessor, and one for program execution stack. Spawn a thread or switch between each thread, the process of burden than small, because of this, the thread is called the process of light load (light-weight process). A process can contain multiple threads. A thread is a sequential flow of control within a program.
1. process: each process has its own code and data space (process context), the overhead of process switching.
thread: a lightweight process, the same type of thread to share code and data space, each thread has a separate run-time stack and program counter (PC), the thread switching overhead.
3. process: in the operating system that can simultaneously run multiple task program.
multi-threaded: in the same application, there is more order flow executed simultaneously. conceptual model of the
thread:
1 virtual CPU, encapsulated in the java.lang.Thread class.
2. the Code of code that is executed by the CPU is passed to the Thread class.
3. Data processing by the CPU and passed to the Thread class.
Third, the thread body:
each thread in the Java Packages Java.lang, class Thread defined, its constructor:
public Thread (ThreadGroup group, Runnable target, String name);
(group to which the thread belongs to the thread group; target the practical implementation of the target object of the thread body, it must implement the interface to the Runnable; name is the name of the thread. Java provides a Thread class constructor, which allows to specify a name to the thread if the name is null, the Java automatically provides a unique name.)
When the above method of constructing a argument is null, we can also get several constructor of the following:
public Thread ();
public Thread (Runnable target);
< br /> public Thread (Runnable target, String name);
public Thread (String name);
public Thread (ThreadGroup group, Runnable target);
public the Thread (ThreadGroup group, String name);
the interface Runable only define a method public void run ();
There are two ways thread body:
(a) the definition of a thread class, it inherits the thread class Thread and override the methods of which the run (), this time in the initialization of an instance of this class, the goal target null, this instance to execute the thread body. Java supports only single inheritance, the classes defined in this way can no longer inherit the other parent class.
(b) provide a class implementing interface Runnable target object as a thread in a Thread class or subclassing Thread thread object is initialized, the target object instance passed to this thread thread body run () by the target object. At this time, implementing interface Runnable class can still inherit the other parent class.
each thread to complete its operation, through a specific method of the Thread object run () method run () is called the thread body.
thread state diagram: start thread (start) -> thread running (yield) -> thread hangs (the suspend) -> terminate the thread (stop)
c.Applet, The life cycle:
The life cycle involves the Applet class four (JApplet class inheritance): init (), start (), stop () and destroy ().
Applet methods: init () initialize:
create the applet is only executed once, the first executed when the browser loads, because it is only the first operating, so we can initialize, such as the handling of parameters passed by the browser, add user interface components, load the images and sound files.
default constructor, but more used to perform all the initialization in the init () method, instead of the default constructor.
start () Run:
repeatedly executed to restore the browser from the icon into the window, or return to the home page execution.
this method is the main body of the applet, which can perform some of the recurring tasks or reactivate a thread, for example, the beginning animation or play a sound.
stop () Stop:
multiple times, when the browser becomes the icon, or to leave the home page when execution, the main function is to stop the consumption of system resources work (such as to interrupt a thread), so as not to affect the speed of operation of the system and do not need to artificially to call the method. If your application does not contain animation, sound and other programs, often do not have to override this method. the
destroy () The destruction of:
strong> used to release resources after the stop (). The browser is shut down properly, Java automatically call this method. destroy () method for the recovery of any one has nothing to do with the system memory resources. Of course, if this application is still active, Java will call the destroy () before calling the stop () method.
The following example:
import java.awt.Graphics, the;
import java.applet.Applet;
public class HWloop the extends Applet {
the AudioClip sound; / / sound clips object
public void init () {
sound = getAudioClip The ( audio / hello.au “);} / / get the sound clips
public void paint (Graphics g) {
g.drawString (” hello Audio “, 25, 25A );} / / display string
public void start ()
{sound.loop ();} / / a sound clip to start playing
public void stop ()
{sound.stop ();} / / sound clips to stop
}
Note: < br />
strong> 1) is not Java-enabled browser would applet> between ordinary HTML document is displayed; Java-enabled browser, put one of the regular HTML documents, ignored.
2) the the AppletViewer only supports applet> tags and other markup will not be displayed.
3.Applet of,, AWT drawing:
Applet AWT drawing mechanism involves three main methods: paint () graphics update () clear background update, repaint () re- painted:
update (), paint () method has a Graphics class object parameters (Graphics g = new Graphics () or use getGraphics () method), the Graphics supports two graphics: one is basic drawing, such as: drawing a line, rectangle, circle, etc.; another painting images, mainly for animation. In fact, repaint () method is automatically invoked the update () method
support basic drawing and painting images:
void drawLine ()
void drawPolygon ()
void drawRect () with
void the drawRoundRect ()
void fill3DRect ()
void fillOval ()
java.awt.Graphics, the class
support output text:
void drawBytes ()
void drawChars ()
void the drawString ()
4.Applet and the the browser, the communication (the java.applet package provides)
getDocumentBase () / / Return the current page where the URL
getCodeBase () / / back to the applet URL
the getImage (URL base, String target) / / return the URL in the URL called target image
getAudioClip (the URL the base, String target) / / return the sound object called target URL in the URL
getParameter (String target) / / extract the HTML file called target value of the parameter
page Applet communication between (the java.applet package AppletContext interface)
AppletContext object, you can get the applet runtime environment information
(1) get the current running page environment context AppletContext object
public AppletContext getAppletContext ( ,);
(2) to obtain the Applet object called name
public abstract applet getApplet (String name);
(3) of the current page Applet object
public abstract the Enumeration getApplets ();
October 12, 2010
needs: press a hot key, the program to start the cycle to perform an action to terminate the operation, press another hotkey; so repeatedly. This demand is widely used in automatic script execution.
technical point
global hotkey bindings
hotkey blocking problem
bind multiple global The hotkey, if a hotkey action is not stopped, the program will not respond to other hotkey, so I used another open thread solution.
# coding = utf-8 #39; reated on 2010-10-12 @ author: lxd #39; import wx import win32con import time import threading class WorkThread (threading.Thread): def __ init__ ( self): threading.Thread.__init__ (self) self.timeToQuit = threading.Event () self.timeToQuit.clear () def stop (self): self.timeToQuit.set () def run (self): while True: if not self.timeToQuit.isSet (): print ork time.sleep (1) else: break class FrameWithHotKey (wx.Frame): def __ init__ (self, * args, ** kwargs): wx.Frame.__init__ (self , * args, ** kwargs) self.regHotKey () self.Bind (wx.EVT_HOTKEY, self.OnHotKeyStart, id = self.hotKeyId_start) self.Bind (wx.EVT_HOTKEY, self.OnHotKeyEnd, id = self.hotKeyId_end) self . Bind (wx.EVT_HOTKEY, self.OnHotKeyQuit, id = self.hotKeyId_quit) self.work = None def regHotKey (self): self.hotKeyId_start = 100 self.RegisterHotKey (self.hotKeyId_start, win32con.MOD_ALT, win32con.VK_F1) self . hotKeyId_end = 101 self.RegisterHotKey (self.hotKeyId_end, win32con.MOD_ALT, win32con.VK_F2) self.hotKeyId_quit = 102 self.RegisterHotKey (self.hotKeyId_quit, win32con.MOD_ALT, win32con.VK_F3) def OnHotKeyStart (self, evt): if not self.work: self.work = WorkThread () self.work.setDaemon (True) self.work.start () def OnHotKeyEnd (self, evt): if self.work: self.work.stop () self.work = None def OnHotKeyQuit (self, evt,): exit () app = the wx.App () FrameWithHotKey (None) app.MainLoop ()
program is running, press Alt F1 will repeat print ork press Alt F2 to stop printing, press Alt F3 to end the program.
Input program under tc2.0
/ ********************************** ****
* char pointer *
************************** ************ /
# include “stdio.h”
# define the MAXLEN 80
the main ( )
{
int getline ();
char line [the MAXLEN 1];
while (the getline (line, the MAXLEN)> = 0)
printf (“% s \ n”, line);
}
int the getline (line , maxlen)
char * line;
int maxlen;
{
char c;
int len;
len = 0;
the while ((c = getchar ())! = EOF
September 10, 2010
Java learning 2010-09-10 15:11:45 0 comments: Subscribe to thread similar to the process is a period of a particular function code of individual sequences in the program flow control; different process is similar multiple threads sharing a memory space and system resources, while the thread itself, data is usually only register data of the microprocessor, and one for program used in the execution stack. System to spawn a thread, or switch between each thread, the process of burden than the much smaller, because of this thread is called the process of light load (light-weight process). A process can contain multiple threads.
a thread is a sequential flow of control within a program.
1. process: each process has its own code and data space (process context), the overhead of process switching.
thread: a lightweight process, the same type of thread to share code and data space, each thread has a separate run-time stack and program counter (PC), the thread switching overhead.
3. process: in the operating system that can simultaneously run multiple task program.
multi-threaded: in the same application, there is more order flow executed simultaneously. Model
6.1.1 thread concept
Java inner support multi-threaded, all of its classes are defined in the multi-threaded Java multi-threaded so that the whole system become asynchronous system. Threads in Java consists of three parts, shown in Figure 6.1.
1 virtual CPU, encapsulated in the java.lang.Thread class.
2. code that is executed by the CPU and passed to the Thread class.
3. data processed by the CPU and passed to the Thread class. 1.2 thread body (1)
Java thread is achieved through the java.lang.Thread class. When we generate an object of the Thread class, a new thread is created. Instance of this thread, said thread in the Java interpreter, it can start a thread to terminate the thread suspends the thread, each thread is defined by class Thread Java Packages Java.lang, its constructor as follows:
public Thread (ThreadGroup group, the Runnable the target, String name);
Among them, the group to which the thread belongs to the thread group; target the practical implementation of the target object of the thread body , it must implement the interface the Runnable; name for the thread name. Each thread has its own name in Java, Java provides a Thread class constructor, which allows to specify a name to the thread. If the name is null, the Java automatically provides a unique name.
When a parameter of the constructor is null, we can obtain the following several construction methods:
public Thread ();
public Thread (Runnable target);
public Thread (Runnable target, String name);
public Thread (String name);
public Thread (ThreadGroup group, Runnable target);
public Thread (ThreadGroup group, String name);
a class declaration to implement the Runnable interface thread body can act as the interface Runnable only defines one method run ():
public void run ();
any object implementing interface Runnable target object can be used as a thread, the class Thread itself also implements the interface Runnable, so we can thread the body in two ways.
(a) to define a thread class, it inherits the threads class Thread and override the method run (), this time in the initialization of an instance of this class, the goal target to null, said by this instance to execute the thread body. Java supports only single inheritance, the classes defined in this way can no longer inherit the other parent class.
(b) provide a class implementing interface Runnable target object as a thread in a Thread class or subclassing Thread thread object is initialized, the target object instance passed to this thread thread body run () by the target object. At this time, implementing interface Runnable class can still inherit the other parent class.
each thread to complete its operation, through a specific method of the Thread object run () method run () is called the thread body. Figure 6.2 shows the call to switch between different states, and state of the java thread.
Figure 6.2 thread status
1. create a state (new Thread)
the following statement is executed, the thread is in the create state:
Thread myThread = new MyThreadClass ();
When a thread is created the state, it is merely an empty Thread object, the system does not allocate resources for it.
2. can run state (Runnable)
Thread myThread = new MyThreadClass ();
myThread.start ();
When a thread is in running state, the system allocated for the thread system resources it needs, and schedule it to run and the calling thread run method, so that the thread state of the run (Runnable). Should be noted that this state is not running in the state (Running), because the thread might actually not really run. Because many computers are single-processor, so running at the same time all runnable threads, the Java runtime system must implement the scheduling to ensure that the threads share the processor.
? non-running state (Not Runnable)
into the non-running state are the following reasons:
1) call sleep () method;
2) call suspend () method;
3) waiting for a condition variable, the thread calls a wait () method;
4) input and output streams to a thread blocked;
non-running state is also known as the blocking state (Blocked). For some reason (input / output, waiting for news or other obstruction), the system can not perform state of the thread. At this time, even if the processor is idle, unable to perform the thread.
4. death state (Dead)
thread termination can generally be achieved through two methods: Natural undo (thread execution End) or stop (calling the stop () method). Not recommended by calling the stop () to terminate the thread of execution, but the thread to finish executing
1 of 2 threads (2) construct the thread body comparison of two methods:
1. using the Runnable interface
1) can be CPU, code and data separately, to form a clear model;
2) can also be from other classes Succession;
3) to maintain the consistency of the program style.
2. the direct successor to the Thread class
1) can not inherit from other classes;
2) write simple, can be directly manipulated by the thread, no need to use Thread.currentThread ().
Example 6.2 interface constructor thread body
the public the class the Clock the extends java.applet.Applet the implements the Runnable {/ / implements the interface
the Thread clockThread;
public void start () {
/ / The method of Applet method is not thread
if (clockThread == null) {
clockThread = new Thread (this, “Clock”);
/ * thread Body Clock object itself, the thread name “Clock” * /
clockThread.start (); / / start the thread
}
} public void run () {/ / the run () method is thread execution Content
while (clockThread! = null) {
repaint (); / / refresh the display screen
try {
< br /> clockThread.sleep (1000);
/ / sleep one second every 1 second to perform a
} catch (InterruptedException e) {}
}
}
public void paint (Graphics g) {
Date now = new Date (); / / get the current object
g.drawString (now.getHours () “:” now.getMinutes () “:” now.getSeconds (), 5, 10) ;/ / Display time
} public void the stop () {
/ / This method Applet method is not thread
clockThread.stop ( ,);
clockThread = null;
}
} 6.1.3 thread scheduling
Java provides a thread scheduler to monitor all threads started the program to enter the ready state. In accordance with the priority of the thread, the thread scheduler scheduler which thread to execute.
thread scheduler thread priority level of select high-priority thread (to enter the running state) to perform thread scheduling is preemptive scheduling, that is, if the current thread during the execution of a higher priority thread becomes runnable, this thread is immediately scheduled for execution.
preemptive scheduler is divided into: time slice, and exclusive way. In time slice mode, the current active thread executing the current time slice, if there are other same priority thread in the ready state, the system will perform in the hands of a ready state of the same priority thread; the currently active thread transferred awaiting execution queue, waiting for the next time slice scheduling.
In exclusive mode, the current active thread once the executive power, will remain and so on, until completed, or give up the CPU for some reason, or a high-priority thread in the ready state.
under the following conditions, the current thread will give up the CPU:
1. thread calls yield () or sleep () method take the initiative to give up;
the current thread for I / O access to external memory read and write, waiting for user input and other operations, resulting in the thread blocking; or waiting for a condition variable, and the thread calls wait () method;
3. preemptive system, participation in high-priority thread scheduling; time slice mode, the current time slice runs out, to participate in scheduling by the thread of the same priority.
thread priority
thread priority is expressed in numbers ranging from 1-10 Thread.MIN_PRIORITY to Thread.MAX_PRIORITY. A default priority of the thread 5 the namely Thread.NORM_PRIORITY. The following methods can operate priority:
int getPriority (); / / get thread priority
void The setPriority (int newPriority);
< br /> / / When a thread is created by this method to change the thread priority
Note: not all systems run Java programs using the time slice strategy dispatch thread, so a thread is idle should give up the CPU, so that the same priority and low priority thread to be implemented.
?
6.2 multi-threaded mutex and synchronization
critical resource issues
mentioned earlier the threads are independent, and asynchronous execution, which means that each thread contains the data needed in the run-time or method, without the need for external resources or do not have to care about the state or behavior of other threads. But often have a number of simultaneously running threads need to share data, you need to consider the status and behavior of other threads, otherwise we can not guarantee the correctness of the program operating results.
cases 6.4
the class stack {
int idx = 0; / / stack pointer initial value is 0
char [] data = new char [6]; / / stack the space of six characters public void the push (char c) {/ / push operation
data [idx] = c; / / data stack
idx ; / / pointer to move up a
} public char pop () {/ / the stack operation
idx -; / / pointer to move down a
return data [idx]; / / data out of the stack
}
}
two threads A and B use the Stack, an instance of an object A is to push a data stack B from stack pop one data. If thread A and B on the operation of the Stack object integrity, will lead to the failure of the operation, the specific process is as follows:
1) Before
data = pq| idx = 2) the implementation of the push in the first statement, r onto the stack;
data = pqr| idx = 2
) A has not been the implementation of idx statement, the implementation of the A B interrupt B, implementation of the pop method returns q:
data = pqr| idx = 1
4] A The second statement: continue the implementation of the push
data = pqr| idx = 2
final result is equivalent to r does not stack. The reason for this problem is the incompleteness of the operation of shared data access. 6.2.1 mutex
integrity issues, to solve the operation in the Java language, the introduction of the concept of the object mutex to ensure the integrity of the operation of the shared data. Each object corresponds to a called a “mutex” tag, this tag is used to ensure that at any one time, only one thread access the object. Keyword synchronized with the object mutex. When an object is modified in synchronized, that the object can only be accessed by one thread at any one time.
public void push (char c) {
the synchronized (this) {/ / this that a Stack object
data [idx] = c;
idx ;
}
}
public char pop () {
the synchronized (this) {/ / this means that Stack, the current object
idx -;
return data [idx];
}
}
the synchronized addition to the restrictions on the execution of some code on the object in front of as mentioned above, can also be placed in the method statement, indicating that the entire method for the synchronization method.
public the synchronized void push (char c) {
…
}
synchronized with the class declaration , indicates that all the methods in this class are synchronized. 6.2.2 multithreaded synchronization
This section will discuss how to control the mutual interaction between threads running progress, that is multi-threaded synchronization between the following, we will be multi-threaded synchronization model: the producer – consumer problem to illustrate how to achieve the synchronization of multiple threads.
using certain types of resources in the system thread called the consumer, resulting in the release of the threads called producers of similar resources.
in the following Java application, the producer thread to the file to write data, consumer data read from the file, so that two threads running at the same time in this program share the same file resources. Through this example, we come to understand how to make them synchronized.
Example 6.5
class SyncStack {/ / synchronous stack class
private int index = 0; / / stack pointer initial value
private char [] buffer = new char [6]; / / stack the six-character space
public the synchronized void push (char c) {/ / add on the mutex lock
while (index == buffer.length) {/ / stack is full, you can not push
try {
this wait (); / / wait until data stack
} catch (InterruptedException e) {}
} this.notify (); / / notify other threads data out of the stack
buffer [index] = c; / / data stack
index ; / / pointer to move up
} public the synchronized char pop () {/ / with a mutex
while (index == 0) {/ / stack, no data, you can not stack
try {
this.wait (); / / wait for other threads to the data stack, the implementation of the pop method of the thread into the lock waiting for???? / / queue until the notify () method to activate and enter the Ready state
} catch (InterruptedException e) {}
} this.notify (); / / notice the stack of other threads, the lock wait queue in the thread activation < br />
index–; / / pointer to move down
return buffer [index]; / / data out of the stack
}
< br />} class Producer is the implements the Runnable {/ / producer class
SyncStack theStack The;
/ / class producer-generated letters are kept synchronous stack
public Producer (SyncStack s) {
theStack = s;
} public void run () {
char c;
for (int i = 0; i <20 iBR> c = (char) (Math.random () * 26 ;
/ / random generate 20 character
theStack.push the and (c); / / character onto the stack
of System.out.println (“Produced:” c); / / Print character
try {
Thread.sleep ((int) (Math.random () * 1000));
/ * each produce a on the sleep of the character thread * /
} catch (InterruptedException e) {}
}
}
} the class the Consumer the implements the Runnable {/ / consumer class
the
SyncStack theStack The;
/ / consumer class characters from the synchronous stack
public Consumer (SyncStack s) {
theStack = s;
} public void run () {
char c;
for (int i = 0; i <20 iBR> c = theStack.pop (); / / read from the stack character
of System.out.println (“Consumed:” c );
/ / print character
try {
Thread.sleep ((int) (Math.random () * 1000));
/ * each read a character thread sleep * /
} catch (InterruptedException e) {}
}
< br />}
} public class SyncTest {
public static void main (String args []) {
SyncStack stack = new SyncStack ( );
/ / The following objects and producers of consumer class class object to operate with a synchronous stack object
the Runnable source = new Producer is (stack); < br />
the Runnable the sink = new the Consumer (stack);
the Thread t1 = new Thread (source); / / thread to instantiate
Thread t2 = the new Thread (the sink); / / thread to instantiate
t1.start (.); / / thread starts
t2.start (.); / / thread start
}
}
class Producer producer model, one of the run () method defined in the operation done by the producer thread, the loop calls push ( ) production of 20 letters sent to the stack, each performing a push operation, call the sleep () method sleep for a random time, a chance to run to the other thread. class Consumer is a consumer model, calling pop cycle () method, a data from the stack, taking a total of 20 times, each time you perform a pop operation is finished, call the sleep () sleep for a random time, a chance to run to the other thread in the above example, through the use of wait () and notify () methods to achieve synchronization of threads, synchronization will be used notifyAll () method, in general, each shared object, mutex, there are two queues, a lock wait queue, and the other a lock request queue lock application for the first thread in the queue to the shared object, lock waiting for the queue thread in some cases will be moved to the lock request queue. below compare the wait (), notify ( ) and notifyAll () method:
(1) wait, nofity, or notifyAll must be executed in the case already holds the lock, so they can only occur within the scope of synchronized role is in synchronized modification of the method or class.
(2) wait the role: to release the lock already held, into the waiting queue.
(3) notify the role: wake-up the first thread in the wait queue and moved it to the lock request queue.
(4) or notifyAll role: wake up all threads in the wait queue and they moved to the lock request queue. Note: < br />
1) suspend () and resume ()
no longer used in JDK1.2 suspend () and resume (), the corresponding function wait () and notify ( ) to achieve
2) stop ()
in JDK1.2 no longer use the stop (), but by the flag to the normal program execution is completed. Example 6.6 is a typical example. Cases 6.6
public class Xyz the implements the Runnable {
private boolean timeToQuit = false; / / flag the initial value of false
public void run () {
while (! timeToQuit) {/ / flag is false, the thread continues to run
…
}
} public void stopRunning () {
timeToQuit = true;} / / flag set to true, indicates that the program ends normally
}
public class ControlThread {
private Runnable r = new Xyz ();
private Thread t = new Thread (r);
public void startThread () {
t.start ();
}
public void stopThread () {
< br /> r.stopRunning ();}
/ / by call stopRunning method to terminate the thread running
} 6.3 Java applet
6.3.1 the Applet introduced
applet is a piece of code written using the Java language, it can be run in a browser environment. And Application of the difference lies mainly in its implementation of the different ways. The application is from one of the main () method to start running the Applet is running in the browser, you must create an HTML file by writing the HTML language code tells the browser to load what Applet and how to run.
1. Applet example
cases 6.7 HelloWorld.java source:
import java.awt.Graphics, the; / / introduction of the Graphics
import of graphics class java.applet.Applet; / / introduction of the HelloWorld the extends Applet, the Applet class public class {
String hw_text;
public void init () {/ / init () method of Applet First performed
hw_text = “Hello World”;
} public void paint (Graphics g) {
g.drawString (hw_text 25, 25);
/ / coordinates (25, 25A) of the local string hw_text}
} Applets to write after the first use of the java compiler compiled into byte-code file, and then write the appropriate HTML file to be able to run properly, for example, prepared to run the above Applet HTML file HelloWorld.html as follows:
2. Applet security
“sandbox” mechanism: the Java virtual machine for Applet good functioning of the sandbox, once they tried to leave the sandbox will be banned.
small application is passed through the network, which inevitably brings to mind the security issues occur. For example, some people write malicious programs and spread to the network through a small application to read user password, it will be a very terrible thing. Therefore, the small application restrictions.
browser prohibited applet to do the following:
(1) at run time to call other programs.
(2) file read and write operations.
(3) to load the dynamic link library and call any local.
(4) attempts to open a socket for network communication, but the host is not connected to Applet host.
◇ applet class hierarchy:
◇ Applet. life cycle
application life cycle relative to the more complex in terms of the Application. Related to four of the Applet class (JApplet class inheritance): init (), start (), stop () and the destroy () in its life cycle. Following first graph to represent the life cycle of an application, then a brief description of these four methods.
Applet life cycle has four states: initial state, running state, stop state and the demise of the state. When the program completes execution of init () method, the Applets into the initial state; and then immediately perform the start () method, applets, programs entered the running state; Applet program where the browser iconified or transferred to other pages The Applet is performed immediately stop () method, applets, programs entered the stopped state; in the stopped state, if the browser is re-loading the Applet page or the browser icon in recovery, the Applet program immediately calls the start ( ) entered the running state; Of course, in the stopped state, if the browser is closed, Applet program call the destroy () method, into the demise of the state.
◇ Applet:
1. init ()
create Applet execution executed only once
When a small application for the first time support for Java-enabled browser to load, execute the method. Small application life cycle, only do this once, can only be executed once the initialization, such as dealing with the parameters passed by the browser, add user interface components, load the image and sound files.
small application has a default constructor, but it is accustomed to perform all the initialization in the init () method, while not in the default constructor. Two. start ()
repeatedly executed execution restore the browser from the icon into the window, or return to the home page.
system finished the init () method is called, it will automatically call start () method. Whenever the browser recovery from the icon for the window, or when the user leaves the application home page and then go back to the system will run again start () method. start () method in the life cycle of a small application called many times to start the execution of the applet, this is the init () method is different. The method is the main body of the applet, which can perform some of the recurring tasks or reactivate a thread, for example, the beginning animation or play a sound. 3. stop ()
repeatedly executed when the browser becomes the icon, or to leave the home page when execution, the main function is to stop some of the consumption of system resources.
start () On the contrary, when the user leaves the applet where the page or browser to become the icon will automatically call the stop () method. Therefore, the method in the life cycle is also called multiple times. This allows the users do not pay attention to the small application to stop the consumption of system resources (such as interrupt a thread), so as not to affect the speed of the system, and does not need to artificially to call the method. If your application does not contain animation, sound and other programs, often do not have to override this method.
4. destroy ()
used to release resources to perform
a normal web browser is closed, Java automatically call this method after the stop (). destroy () method for the recovery of any one has nothing to do with the system memory resources. Of course, if this application is still active, Java will call the destroy () before calling the stop () method.
The following example uses a small application life cycle in several ways.
cases 6.8
import java.awt.Graphics, the;
import java.applet.Applet;
public class HWloop the extends Applet {
the AudioClip sound; / / sound clips object
public void init () {
sound = getAudioClip (the “audio the / hello.au “); / / get a sound clip
}
public void paint (Graphics g) {
g.drawString ( the hello Audio “, 25, 25A); / / display string
} public void start ()
{
sound.loop () ; / / sound clip to start playing
}
public void the stop ()
{
sound.stop ( ); / / sound clips to stop
}
} In this example, the applet started after a stop to play a sound, if the browser icon, or go to other pages, then the sound to stop playing; if the browser is back to normal, or jump back from the other pages, the program continues to play a sound. Applets embedded in HTML files to be able to run properly, here Applets HTML file mark. Note:
1) does not support regular HTML documents, between the Java browser would show up; Java-enabled browser, put the ordinary HTML document to ignore.
2) the the AppletViewer only supports tags and other markup will not be displayed. 1.3.2?????? Applet AWT drawing
Applet AWT drawing mechanism involves three methods: the paint () method, update () method and the repaint () method, the update () method and the paint () method has a Graphics class parameters. Graphics is the key to drawing, it can support two graphics: one is the basic drawing: draw lines, rectangles, circles; another is to draw the image, mainly for animation.
to the drawings, first to find an object of the Graphics class. The parameters are passed by the update () method and paint () method of the Graphics class object by overloading them to carry out the drawing, which is frequently used in the animation program. We can also getGraphics () method to get an object of the Graphics class, this object and update () method and paint () method to pass the object are the members of the corresponding object of the Graphics class. Has been the object of the Graphics class, you can use a variety of drawing methods.
Graphics drawing methods:
paint () / / drawing operation, there must be a programmer to rewrite
update () / / used to update the graphics, the first clear the background, foreground, and then call to paint ()
repaint () / * used to redraw the graphics, changes in component shape, that is to change the size of the or location of the moving, repaint () method immediately the system automatically calls actually repaint () method is automatically called update () method * / the following methods to support the basic drawing and painting images:
void drawLine ()
void drawArc.. ()
void drawPolygon ()
void the drawRect ()
void the drawRoundRect output text ()
void fill3DRect ()
void fillOval (),
java.awt.Graphics, the class,
:
void drawBytes The ()
void drawChars ()
void the drawString () 6.3.3 Applet and browser inter-communication < br />
in the Applet class are many ways to communicate with the browser. Following a brief introduction to these methods:
a Web page can contain more than one application. Multiple applications in a Web page directly through the methods provided in the java.applet package to communicate. getDocumentBase () / / Returns the current web page where the URL
getCodeBase () / / Returns the current applet where the URL
the getImage (URLs base, String target) / / Return URL named in the URL to the target image
getAudioClip (URLs the base, String the target)
/ / return the sound object called target URL in the URL
getParameter (String target) / / extract the HTML file called target value of the parameter the same page Applet communication between
java.applet.Applet class provides the following methods to get the currently running page environment context AppletContext object.
the
the public AppletContext getAppletContext ();
AppletContext object, you can get a small application running environment information. AppletContext is an interface, which defines a number of methods can be other small applications of the current page, and then realize the communication between the same page application.
(1) of the currently running page the environment context AppletContext object
public AppletContext getAppletContext ();
(2) to obtain the called name Applet object
public abstract the applet getApplet (String name);
(3) to this page Applet object
public abstract the Enumeration getApplets ( ); [This summary】
This Java thread and Java applet, some basic knowledge and simple thread About to clarify the difference between thread and process, by describing the thread The basic principle of the conceptual model and the constructor of the thread body and application examples to explain the conversion between different states of the basic characteristics of the thread and the thread and call the method, clear thread, then we further about the thread a few kinds of scheduling policies, the role of different scheduling policy priority. And how the basic thread of control, thread priorities and the difficulty lies in the mutual exclusion and synchronization of multiple threads, we must first understand the concept and role of the mutex lock, how to use a mutex to control and deal with multi-threading synchronization issues.
This latter part of the Java applets explain the introduction and some basic applications, such as Applet creation, life cycle and the main method of the Applet and Applet AWT drawing, and finally a brief Applet and browser, the communication method.
October 23, 2010
However, these systems are still focused on micromanaging Putian Foreign Trade Forum individual functions.
Administrative operations from cost reduction: as the hospital is growing to become large enterprises, the management functions of their operations, administration and finance departments in itself is very difficult to manage. This is as important resources for 20%. However, CVM is not limited to automation and can provide a reliable platform for profits across all categories of health care processes, it is clinical, operational, financial, administrative and human resources. Every patient has unique problems and developing and maintaining clinical excellence in line with best practice and individual power requirements for individual treatment, each patient is a major problem of health care providers. Also critical is a good quality support staff. Among the growing competition, to keep talent in one area, the company always tries to overcome., Banking, finance, insurance, manufacturing and defense, among a number of other verticals, witnessed a paradigm shift that way, it is the business of health care have been faced with the rapid identification of solutions that never really exceeded the registration information by electronic signature and management.
Naudokitλs existing investments: health are generally disconnected IT systems are working for individual departments. Companies, big or small, will always look to expand their investment value of their legacy health care systems., Electronic medical record systems, healthcare information systems, practice management systems and clinical decision support systems. Business process management as an approach to automate, centralize and manage the health care process is the emergence of ringing unheard of efficiency, cleaning performance, patient care quality is higher, and to comply with the mandatory requirements of the regulations. Similarly, the term action, if not completed in the time to be increased as the alarm system. The process of interested parties (usually the senior doctor) can immediately identify the obstacles hindering for Putian Anfu the process of the remodels and distribute the work so that the overall impact on the effectiveness of the procedure.
Acquire
July 14, 2011
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< br /> of Chainsaw the chain
By of Nancy Steinbach,
two 005-9-8
(MUSIC) HOST: Welcome to AMERICAN the MOSAIC, in the VOA Special English. I Doug Johnson. On our show this week: We hear music made by a Moog Synthesizer … Answer a question from a listener about Americans who are too fat … And report about children around the country helping other children who lost their homes in Hurricane Katrina. Aid to Hurricane Victims strong> The American Red Cross says Hurricane Katrina has left hundreds of thousands of people homeless. Many other Americans, especially children, want to help these people. Barbara Klein tells us about some of their efforts. BARBARA KLEIN: Children in many parts of the United States have organized projects to help children who lost their homes in the hurricane. In Glen Rock, New Jersey, children organized a three-day bake sale. They sold cakes, cookies and lemon drinks. They earned more than three thousand dollars. One local businessman gave the same amount of money as the children earned. So they have more than six thousand dollars to send to the hurricane victims. Children sold baked goods and lemonade in other areas of the country, too. Students in the state of Indiana also washed people cars to earn money for hurricane victims. Older children in the area are organizing dance competitions. The dancers ask their families and friends to promise money. The money will go to hurricane victims. Students in Palm Bay, Florida are sewing cloth bear toys for children affected by the storm. The children say they hope the teddy bears will make the hurricane victims feel better. Teachers say the children who are making the bears feel good because they know the stuffed animals will be held in the hands of other children. Another group of children is filling special cloth bags for hurricane victims. Three sisters in Bethesda, Maryland got the idea for Project Backpack. They are asking other children to fill backpacks with things hurricane victims might like. These include books, crayons, games, toys, stuffed animals, dolls, balls and school supplies. They are asking for things that will help the children have some fun. The girls say on their Web site that they hope to get one thousand backpacks to send to the hurricane victims in the South. Other efforts are more individual. One boy in New Jersey celebrated his tenth birthday with a party. He asked his guests to bring money for the hurricane victims instead of birthday presents for him . Obesity in the United States strong> HOST: Our VOA listener question this week comes from Ankara, Turkey. Doctor Ahmet Korkmaz asks about the weight situation among Americans. The short answer to that question is that a majority of Americans are too fat. Some Americans are overweight and others are severely overweight, or obese. Last month, an organization called Trust for America Health released the results of a study about obesity in the United States. The report is called “F as in Fat: How Obesity Policies Are Failing in America, Two Thousand Five. “The report said more than sixty-four percent of adult Americans are either overweight or obese. That is about one hundred twenty million people. More than twenty-four percent of American adults are obese. The United States Department of Health and Human Services has set a goal of reducing the number of obese adults to fifteen percent or less by two thousand ten. The report said the number of obese people continued to increase in every American state except Oregon. It said more than twenty-five percent of adults in ten states are obese. Seven of these states are in the Southeast. Mississippi had the highest percentage of obese people, followed by Alabama, West Virginia, Louisiana and Tennessee. The group Trust for America Health said the government should help solve the problem. It said obesity leads to heart disease, diabetes and many other health problems. And the cost of health care to treat such problems is huge. Critics say it is extremely difficult to get people to change what they eat or how they prepare their food. And they say it is not clear that the government knows how to influence people to make healthier decisions for themselves and their families. Still, the report suggests some actions that federal, state and local policy makers could take. One is to design communities to increase people physical activity. Another is to make schools serve healthier foods and require more physical education classes. Still another is to include exercise programs as part of government medical insurance. And a fourth is to provide the public with more information about the importance of healthy foods. Moog Music strong> American inventor Robert Moog (rhymes with vogue) died last month. He was seventy-one years old. Mister Moog invented a device that changed the music industry . Faith Lapidus explains. FAITH LAPIDUS: Robert Moog was born in New York City in nineteen thirty-four. He studied science at school and earned advanced degrees in engineering and physics. He combined his two main interests: science and music. Robert Moog built his first electronic instrument when he was fourteen years old. Later, he began designing and producing devices that play sounds without the use of musical instruments. In the nineteen sixties, he developed what has always been known as the Moog Synthesizer. It was the first successful electronic music synthesizer. Musician Walter Carlos used the synthesizer to record the album “Switched-On Bach” in nineteen sixty-eight. It became a huge hit. Here is one of the songs on that classical electronic album, “Sinfonia To Cantata Number Twenty-Nine. “(MUSIC) The success of” Switched-On Bach “led popular recording artists to use the Moog Synthesizer. Critics say you can hear its value at the end of the song” Lucky Man “recorded by the group Emerson, Lake and Palmer. Let listen: (MUSIC) Robert Moog received honors for his inventions, including a Grammy Award for technical achievement. Last year, a documentary film was made about his life. We leave you now with another example of the Moog Synthesizer. It is the title music from the nineteen seventy-one movie “A Clockwork Orange.” (MUSIC) HOST: I Doug Johnson. I hope you enjoyed our program. Our show was written by Nancy Steinbach. Caty Weaver was our producer. Send your questions about American life to. Please include your full name and mailing address. Or write to American Mosaic, VOA Special English, Washington, DC, two-zero-two-three-seven, USA Join us again next week for AMERICAN MOSAIC , VOA radio magazine in Special English.
July 12, 2010
Research indicates that the text on a many popular web-sites is difficult to understand and consumers the find that reading documents in electronic the format is problematic. Since health information read online influences the patient-doctor relationship – eg, treatments requested, or perceived patient value from a doctor visit – it is important that this information be interpreted and remembered as completely and correctly as possible. Misunderstandings in health information may increase the risk of making unwise health decisions, which could lead to poorer health and higher health care costs. The goal of the project is to develop and test new technology that can present online health information that is easier to understand and remember. Prototypes will be developed that will visualize both the structure and content of web pages to increase understanding and retention without oversimplification. A small pilot study has shown positive effects of such a representation. The two prototypes will differ in how much content detail is included in the visualization. They will be evaluated for their effects on understanding and retention of information and compared with currently existing web sites. User behavior and preferences will also be captured and analyzed. Three user groups will participate in the development and evaluation of the prototypes: elderly consumers, Hispanic non-native speakers, and patients. These groups were chosen for their specific characteristics (age related problems, sub-optimal command of English, and patients stress) that may require improved information presentation.
September 24, 2011
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www. redteawholesale.com: black tea Nuo? Anne river culture: the health care function of the iron the view sound
one cup pure of tea, a life, a silk enjoys in retrospect famous nutritionist in if the wood says: “can regulate many beneficial compositions of human body metabolism, majority have in tea-leaf.The mechanism that is anti-cancer and defends decrepitude and the exaltation human body physiology activity to the tea also the all basic research is clear.So, the tea is the best beverage that the great universe gives mankind. “The Lu fast Sir once says:” has good tea to drink, will drink good tea, is a kind of peaceful life. “iron view sound not only fragrant Gao Wei Chun is natural and tasty good to drink, and health health care the function also belong to an of Jiao Jiao in tea-leaf.The modern medical science research expresses that in addition to the health care function that has general tea-leaf, iron view sound also has anti-decrepitude, anti-cancer disease, anti-artery hardening, prevents and cures diabetes and reduces weight strongly built, prevent and cure the Qu Chi and pure heat declines fire, enemy smoke comes to effects like wine, etc. the chemistry composition in tea-leaftake tea many advantages, this is well-known.But take tea why will there are many advantages? This to ordinary people, is know it however don know why however.Along with the development of science, arrive the beginning of 19th century, the composition of tea industry just definitely get up gradually.After modern science of separation and consultation, contain organic chemistry composition to reach to 450 varieties in tea-leaf, have no machine mineral chemical element to reach to 40 variety.The organic chemistry composition in tea-leaf and have no machine mineral chemical element to imply many nourishment compositions and efficacy of medicine composition.The organic chemistry composition mainly has: the tea polyphenol, plant alkali, protein and amino acids, vitamin and pectin vegetable, organic acid and fat are much sugar, sugar, Mao, and dye … etc .. But the organic chemistry composition contained by iron view sound, like tea polyphenol, catechin, various amino acids etc. the content is more obviously high than other tea. Have no machine mineral chemical element to mainly have: potassium, calcium, magnesium, cobalt, iron, manganese, aluminum, sodium, zinc, copper, nitrogen, Lin, fluorine, iodine, and selenium … etc .. What iron view sound contains has no machine mineral chemical element, is aller high than other tea such as the manganese, iron, fluorine, potassium, and sodium … etc .. several near in the last yearses Be studied a confirmation by domestic and international scientist, particularly that day originally scientist study to confirm, the chemistry composition in iron view sound and mineral chemical element healthily have special function to the human body and mostly have a few aspects as follows: a. The anti-decrepitude of iron view sound functiona little bit Chinese and Foreign science research expresshttp :/ / www.redteawholesale.com/other/4e62dc 4000022.html, the person decrepitude has relation with unsaturated fatty acid inside the body sour excesssive oxygenationhttp :/ / www.redteawholesale.com/other/4e 6b9bb1121de. html, while the unsaturated fatty acid sourly and excessively oxidize is have something to do with the function of free radicals.The free radicals of chemistry activity Gao can make unsaturated fatty acid sour to oxidize excessively and make cell function mutation or decline, arouse organization to propagate to place person disease at the hopeless situation with bad dead but creation.Fat excessively oxidizing is a healthy human body devil, but the chief criminal is a free radicals, as long as dropping free radicals clearance, can make the cell acquire normal growth growth but healthy longevity. usually, the in common use anti-oxidizing agent contains vitamin C, vitamin E, they all can availably keep unsaturated fatty acid from oxidizing sourly and excessively.But Japanese researcher express recently, the polyphenol compound in iron view sound can prevent Abduction from excessively oxidizing; Biao purine alkaloid, can indirectly have the function to clear a free radicals, attain the purpose of defer decrepitude thus. two. The anti-cancer disease function of iron view soundthe cancer is seriously “incurable sickness” that threatens people health nowadays.Therefore, study tea-leaf in recent years anti-cancer aroused people biggest interest and concern.Count year ago, once had 1 report call, citizen in Shanghai because of taking tea make esophagus cancer year by year decreasehttp :/ / www .redteawholesale.com/other/4e6b9 bb6d566a.html, from here take tea the occurrence that can prevent the captive from cancer, this fact is in the whole world arouse very greatly echo again.At present take tea can prevent cancer anti-cancer already drive people of this world generally accepted, but prevent cancer in tea-leaf anti-cancer effect best is iron view sound. as early as 1983, the Ao farmland Tuo in University of Kang-shan in Japan male teaches once logarithms ten planted the thing polyphenol compound to carry on anti-cancer change function sieving, result proof: the catechin (EGCG) had very strong anti-cancer become activity.In the research confirming iron view sound anti-variation, black tea wholesale other scientists think that iron view sound tea polyphenol is the main and the live composition of the this function; Causes cancer in the chemistry material of in the research, affirmed prevent captive froming of iron view sound tea polyphenol cancer to change function.In addition, the vitamin C and the vitamin E in iron view sound can stop a carcinogen-synthesizing of second nitric An, have bigger function to the prevention and cure cancer.
three. The anti-artery of iron view sound hardens a function May 31, 1999, on the fourth-time oolong tea and healthy seminar that Tokyo, green tea Japan convenes, Chinese medicine medicine institute for research in Fukien province director Chen Ling Fu reported they once with 25 Gao Xie Zhi disease fat for clinical observation object, green tea wholesale inquired into drinking oolong tea iron view sound to repress low density fat egg white in blood of oxidized and improved the function of fat metabolism in blood.The research proves that the tea polyphenol compound and vitamin in iron view sound can repress oxidizing of low density fat egg white in blood.Japan three well agriculture and forestry the graduate school advertised for Doctor Yan at first and also confirmed in several years of research, the tea polyphenol compound could not only lower the cholesterol in the blood, but also obviously improve the high definition fat in the blood egg white with the specific value of low density fat egg white.Caffeine ability comfortable blood vessel piece, speed breath, lower a blood fat, contain certain function towards preventing and curing cerebral disease of hearts, such as coronary, high blood pressure and artery hardening … etc .. according to medicine department university coronary prevention and cure in Fukien research group in 1974 at Anne river tea in Fukien the country discovered that the outbreak that don drink iron view sound tea leads to 3.1% while carrying on a survey to 1080 farmers; Occasionally drink of is 2.3%; Often what year drinks (for more than 3 years) is 1.4%. Be showed from this, often drink the person of iron view sound than don drink the outbreak of the coronary of iron view sound to lead low. four. The function of prevention and cure diabetes of iron view sound the diabetes is disease in a kind of world.Currently, the whole world around 200,000,000 people suffer from diabetes, there are more than 3,000 myriad people in China suffer from diabetes.The diabetes is a kind of with sugar metabolize mess for lord of the whole body chronic carry on sex disease.Typical model of the clinical performance is “three many a little”, then drink more, much urine, much food and emaciated, whole body weak have no dint.The Chinese medicine of this disease calls “eliminate a thirst disease” and belonged to burnt hot and damp category.The main reason of becoming sick lacks polyphenol material inside the body, like vitamin B1 , be suffused with sour, phosphoric acid, salicylic acid AN ester etc. composition, make sugar metabolize an occurrence obstacle, the blood sugar quantity in the body play increases, the metabolism weakens. Japanese medical science Doctor small Chuan I seven Langs wait a person clinical studies confirmation, usually taking tea can add the vitamin B1 in the human body and be suffused with in time sour, phosphoric acid, salicylic acid AN ester and polyphenol, can prevent ° from diabetic occurrence.Can the make for being mid-degree with the light degree diabetic blood sugar, wet sugar to reduce to seldom, or completely normal; Can make blood sugar for the serious diabetic, wet sugar to lower, various main symptom eases. five. Iron view sound reduces weight a strongly built function the obesity is continuously a kind of chaperonage people living standard to raise but appear of deficiency disease sexually transmitted disease disease, it is because the nourishment takes excessive or the energy storing inside the body make use of not enough but causable.Obesity not only bring in the daily life for people many inconvenient, and is also reason that causes a cardiovascular disease, diabetes. 1996, the Chinese medicine medicine institute for research in Fukien province carried on to drink the researches that iron view sound reduces weight a function to 102 adulthood men and women who get pure sex obese.Research expresses that there is a great deal of tea polyphenol material in iron view sound, can not only raise the function that the fat resolves Mao, but also promote the metabolism activity of built-up neutral fat Mao.As a result drinking iron view sound can improve fat of body figure, effectively reduce fat of the fat in skin and waistline, ease its weight thus. red tea black tea reference:
http://www.redteawholesale.com / redgreentea.php Anne river iron view sound electronic commerce gradually spread
August 30, 2011
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code in the form of electronic documents is recorded in the tapes, disks, CDs and other carriers, rely on access to computer systems and communication networks in transfer files. Electronic document marks the birth archives development to a new phase – the phase of electronic records. Information technology into the archives, making file management more efficient, fast, low cost, together with electronic files and network, the maximum use of archival material, resulting in tremendous benefits. However, electronic records, and many new products, like information technology, from birth onwards are faced with many legal embarrassment, such as the legal status of electronic records, the original issues, privacy issues and so on. With International Social Protection of personal data, ghd planchas, electronic files of individuals involved in the rights of a sensitive legal issue that the file management in China is even more prominent.
First, electronic records and personal information
electronic files is the traditional paper files, electronic and networking products, and paper files have the same nature, is there a way to file. However, electronic records and paper files are also significant differences: First, electronic records and the information carrier can be separated; Second, the reproducibility and strong, difficult to distinguish between copy and original; Third, the stability of weak information, such as changes relatively easy, without leaving traces, and other information can be lost. These features make the electronic records of personal data in electronic files easier to handle, but also vulnerable to abuse. Electronic files recorded in citizens of the basic characteristics and circumstances of the information constitutes personal data. The so-called personal data, also known as personal data, is a natural person name, sex, age, nation, place of birth, address, abercrombie ireland, education, occupation, marriage, family, health, tory burch outlet, medical history, characteristics alone or with other common form of information, sufficient to identify the personal information. Such information to certain media as a carrier, the computer and computer network environment, usually in the network, fiber, hard drives and other hardware for the carrier, using a wealth of expression, such as symbols, sound, animation, film, video, etc ..
profile has the following features:
First, the subject of personal data limited to natural persons, not including legal. Natural birth is based on qualified people to obtain civil subject. Natural sources of personal data, personal data load of the natural character interests, personal information should be protected by law, it is inevitable the general personality of contemporary protection of natural selection. Extension of a wide range of civil subject, in addition to natural persons, including corporations and unincorporated organizations. Legal persons and other unincorporated organization, though they have formed their business activities in a variety of information, but the information does not constitute a study in this paper to discuss the personal information that is purely about legal and other unincorporated organization data is not personal information. Of course, in legal and other illegal business activities in human tissue collected on its customers, employees, information, in part, or all may constitute personal data.
Secondly, personal data can be used alone or together with other information to identify a specific combination of natural persons. In the paper, documents, files, hard drives, network servers and other media stored on personal information is very rich, they are involved in all aspects of the individual, including name, gender, hobbies, interests, social security number, identity card number, personal habits, portrait, comic books, awards, occupation, income, education, marital status, medical history, and so on. Among them, some can point to someone directly, while others can not directly point to the need to be together with other information used to identify someone. Can point directly, I called the direct personal information, such as portrait, name, ID number, social security number, that is such. Combined with other information to point to, called the indirect personal information, such as gender, hobbies, interests, habits, occupation, income, education, etc., not only by one of them is able to determine who the information. Thus, indirectly, personal information is not strictly personal information, it is only one possible sense of the personal data. Be noted that, whether directly or indirectly, personal information, their elements is sufficient to identify a person.
Third, the personal information is not necessarily for personal data as I know. Such as personal Internet service provider network when the illegal collection of personal information, doctors know the reality of terminally ill patients with diseases of unknown personal information, parents know the children do not know about the children, place of birth, date of birth information, and so on. This important feature of personal data, whether in theory and practice have an important significance in: A, personal information refers not only to know the personal information, including while I do not know enough identify their own data; B, Personal Data Protection Act to protect not only the personal information I know, but also I do not know about protecting my information, which provides the knowledge in my case, the protection of personal data.
Fourth, the personal data about specific individuals specific or too personal or subject matter of the information. Personal profile to reflect the nature of my personal attributes and natural relationship, which includes my biological information. Subject-matter of my personal data reflect the social attributes and social relations, which reflects the information I have in society the status and role. The so-called The relationship between the manner in which to identify the relationship between people and showing the meantime, the non-asked. information system For example, the announcement from the university exam results tables, tory burch outlet, it can be fairly simple to check on the sole test subjects participated in a candidate. There are several:
1. a lot of personal information was encompassed by the collection, processing, dissemination, use, coupled with computer data matching, so that no personal data privacy to speak of himself as a people <3. With the development of information technology and networks, personal computers and networks through illegal or improper collection, processing, use of the possibility of greatly enhanced people personal interests of the legitimate rights and interests other than the effects of leakage of personal information in a very great danger. These problems make the protection of personal data to obtain more and more support, causing major developed countries attention. On the electronic file, the current domestic situation and the emergence of some phenomena need to adjust the law and norms. For example, the file without the consent of the individual involved for the purpose of profit to all concerned organizations to sell their records, files, electronic records management authorities did not take adequate security measures resulting in disclosure of personal information, records management agencies do not allow the file involved personal access to personal data files, you can check on the network of personal data in electronic files and so on. TAG Tag: Personal data on the legal protection of electronic files
Electronic files on the legal protection of personal data
on the electronic file of personal data legal protection
Ai-Min Qi /
Ai-Min Qi Jia Miao, Guangxi University Law Institute Associate Professor, Doctor of Laws, China society Academy of Sciences of the Law Institute postdoctoral / Jia Miao, Guangxi University Law School graduate.
our archives has entered the era of electronic records, electronic records in a human rights interest issue has become a very sensitive legal issues. Electronic files of the individuals involved and their personal data protection should be supported by legislation, clear the appropriate principles of protection, and regulation of personal electronic files right and file Management who obligations.
electronic documents / personal information / personal data rights / legal protection
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